Category: N

An abnormal variation that is caused by a few factors, but causes a noticeable defects that are easily detectable. In quality control, these an be identified and eliminated to ensure a high quality of the process.

When upward and downward price movement are not equal.

Documents which do not require to be filled and have no retention value. These can be drafts, memos or a copy for distribution.

A situation under a guarantee to the borrower or seller that an obligationor transaction is without recourse. This absolves the borrower or all blame in the event of loss or defect. The saleabilityfor accounting purposes or the transfer of ownership depends on the presence or absence of recourse.

A market situation which exists due to the fear of a price war. As such, competitors do not reduce prices. They however, focus on building a distinctive image for their brand through extensive promotions. This type of competition diverges from the dynamics of a free market system.

1. Agricultural Financing: In the event of crop fails or insufficient crops which results in the failing of the collateral, the lender cannot claim the loan amount from the borrower. Government schemes usually guarantee such loans. 2. Dealer Financing: The guarantee for the genuineness of the document is the only liability applicable to the dealer. The lender cannot claim from the borrower if the buyer fails on loan payment. 3. Export financing: An exporter who is paid against export invoice is not liable the importer’s inability to pay. 4. Factoring: The risk of non payment by the debtor is assumed by a factor. 5. Project financing: The only source of repayment of the loan depends on t he cash inflows for the project and the collateral used to secure the loan.

A variation of unit sampling wherein the probability of picking some of the samples is zero, and identity of those that will be picked for sampling is unknown.

A loan that get repaid based on the success of the project.

Advantage gained by a product over its competition not by virtue of its attributes but by the creation of a distinct brand image through exclusive promotions, widespread distribution, superior customer service, etc

One time charges that are levied on goods and services.