BY

This word, when descriptively used in a grant, does not mean “in immediate contact with,” but “near” to, the object to which it relates; and “near” is a relative term, meaning, when used in land patents, very unequal and different distances. Wells v. Mfg. Co., 48 N. H. 491. A contract to complete work by a certain time, means that it shall be done before that time. Rankin v. Woodworth, 3 Pen. & W. (Pa.) 48. By an acquittance for the last payment all other arrearages are discharged. Noy, 40.

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BY BILL, BY BILL WITHOUT WRIT

In practice. Terms anciently used to designate actions commenced by original hill, as distinguished from those commenced by original writ, and applied in modern practice to suits commenced by capias ad respondendum. 1 Arch. Pr. pp. 2, 337; Harkness v. Harkness, 5 Hill (N. Y.) 213.

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BUYING BY SAMPLE

When a purchase is made based on a sample presentation of the item.

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BY DUE PROCESS OF LAW

This means in accordance with the fundamental principles of justice and is in conformity with the usual judicial proceedings. Se due process of law.

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BY ESTIMATION

In conveyancing. A term used to indicate that the quantity of land as stated is estimated only, not exactly measured; has the same meaning and effect as the phrase “more or less.” Tarbell v. Bowman, 103 Mass. 341; Mendenhall v. Steckel, 47 Md. 453, 28 Am. Rep. 4S1; Hays v. Hays, 120 Ind. 92, 25 N. E. GOO, 11 L. R. A. 376.

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BUYING CYCLE

The periodic buying patterns of companies where purchase orders are not ordered until after a certain amount of days until after the last purchase.

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BUYING DIRECT

Goods or services come straight from the manufacturer instead of through a third party source and usually this makes it cheaper for the buyer.

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BUYING DISTRIBUTION

When a company will pay a distributor an additional amount of set money for not handling or selling their competitor’s products or services. Products can easily be substituted by one company for another.

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